Statistical card



56H51.. 22, M935. l- -L GOEHUTZ 2,@541l S TATISTICAL CARD Origin: ilFiled Aug. 5o, wzl s Sheets-sheet 1 Sept. 22, 1936. H. GOERLiTz2,054,811

STATISTICAL CARD Original' Filed Aug. 30, 1921 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Miff-'5.5.Y 4 f Kazzaoerl 'izz www? eff/wy,

Patented Sept. 22, 1936 Hans Goerlitnllusseldori,

ts, to Remington Rand Inc.,

mesne assignmen Germany, assignor, by

Buialo, N. Y., a corporation ot Delaware Application August 39,

Renewed November June 6, 1918 6 Claims.

1921, Serial No. 496,944. 24, 1931. In Germany (Cl. 23S-1) (Grantedunder the provisions of the act o1 March Perforated cards of the kindemployed for statistical machines generally have index point locationsthereon in horizontal lines or series of printed numerals or ciphersfrom to 9 located 5 so that vertical lines or series are formed reading0 to 9 from top to bottom of the card. Even ii the adjacent numerals'orperforations or index points are so close together that only anextremely narrow space is left between them, the

Width of the card or paper necessary for giving a numerical value byperforations, as compared with the height of the same numerical value byprint, is about ten times as much. This considerable waste of paper isstill further increased by the fact that the distance between the singlehorizontal lines must be greater than the corresponding distance orspace in a horizontal direction, due to constructional requirements andwith a view to reliable working of the perforating, sorting or summingmachine. Thus the usual perforated cards show a vertical distancebetween the centres of two adjacent holes equal to the double of thediameter of the holes. The width of the card, therefore, is equal totwenty diameters of the holes or perforations besides the additionalspace required for the heading and inscription.

The invention relates to a new statistical card` and utilization of theavailable space of the paper W y or card to the double ci the use asheretofore, without involving any essential modifications in theconstruction of the statistical machines hitherto employed for thepurpose. This object of the present invention is realized by utilizingone and the same card subsequently for two different records andtabulations. To this end the card is provided with different systems ofperforations which are used in succession for the tabulating action, oneof the two systems occupyingv those o spaces or interstices which,either for the required distance between the perforating punchesinmechanically operating machines-or for the required interval between twosubsequent perforations--in electrically operating machines, nec- 45essarily must remain free from holes or perforations. The machines,however, are provided with devices for controlling the same, as desired,ior action in connection with the one or the other one of the twosystems of perforations.

50 The invention allows of being realized in quite a variety ofembodiments. It consists ofa statistical card comprising novelstructural features which are herein described and specified in claimsfollowing the description. In the annexed drawings inA which severalembodiments are illustrated r by way of example:

41 Stat. L. 1313) Figs. 1, v2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6 and 'l are face-views ofcards and portions of cards that exemplify those embodiments.

Figure l represents a perforatedcard which, in lieu of the usual tenhorizontal lines or series of 5 numerals, is provided with twenty linesor series, the numerals of the one set `or system of lines being shownin full lines and the numerals of the other set or system being shown indotted lines. The numerals or perforations of the one 10 system arelocated in the spaces between the numerals of the vertical lines of theother system.` In both systems the numerical order from 0 to' 9 goesfrom top to bottom. The vertical lines dividing the card into a numberof separate columnar 15 elds and also the headings or inscriptions atthe top are common to both systems, a1 and a2 denoting the distances ofthe two lines comprising the numeral 9 only, from the adjacent edge ormargin of the card. The distances b1 and bz of the two 20 outer verticallines of numerals from the edges of the card are equal.

Figure 2 represents a card likewise with two systems of numeral lines asbefore. The numerals. and perforations of the one system are alsolocated in the spaces between the numerals of the vertical lines of theother system. But while in the one system the numerical order from 0 to9 goes from top to bottom, in the other system the card must be turnedfor 180 to read from top 30 to bottom. In each system separate verticaldividing linesand separate headings or inscriptions on top of thecolumns thus obtained are necessary. The distances a1 and a2 are equalto each other but are not tances a,l and a2 of Fig. 1. The distances b1and 1:2 are also equall just as in Figure 1. In order to preventperforations of a card that is not in proper position in the pile tooperate the machine, two diagonally opposed corners of the card are cutoff diierently so that it is easily found on inspection whether or notthe cards are properly piled to avoid improper actuation oi the machine.

Figure 3 showsa card similar to that in Figure 1 with the exception thatthe numerals and perforations of the lines oi the one system arearranged vertically above or below the intermel diate spaces of adjacentperiorations of the other system. This arrangement aords a moreadvantageous utilization of the paperl than in Figure 1. The proportionsof the card in general use are such that a maximum advantage is obtainedby keeping the distance c1, Figure 3*, equal to the distance c2. Thedistance c1 is a standard. distance in these cards and is such as toleave 55 the same in extent'as the dis- 35 erated machine.

a suitable amount of card stock between two perforations. If thedistance c2 were greater than this, it would place4 the 9 perforationunneces` sarily close to'the lower edge of the card. a1 and a2 denotethe distances of the line 9 from the adjacent edge or margin of thecard, and b1 and b* denote the distances of end lines of numerals fromof the card. A

Figure 4 represents a card which is a combitheir djcnt edges nation ofthe cards shown in Figures 2 and 3.

'I'he perforations of the same characters in the one system are locatedvertically below or above the interstices between adjacent holes of theother system. The numerical order of the characters or perforations fromto 9 increases, in the one system, from top to bottom 'and in the othersystem likewise from top to bottom upon turning the card for 180. Thedistances a1, a2, 111,112 are of like nature as in Figures 2 and 3.Figure illustrates a card similar to that in Figure 1' except that theperforations are not juxtaposed but eccentrically superposed,.and the{numerals need not be lines or rows. The distances al, a2, b1, b2 are ofthe same nature as in Figure 1. The above described arrangement of theperforations in eccentric superposition is also applicable in the cardsshown in Figures 2 to 4. y Y

Figure 5. If in the card shown in Figure 5 a third perforation isapplied in eccentric superposition, the card is utilizable for threesystems. The -numerals of the single systems may be printed on one sideof the card only, or one side thereof may be used for the print of theone system and the other side for the second system. As the printednumerals are only an auxiliary means for the eye of the reader and asthe known automatic summing machines with printing mechanisms may be soconstructed as to perforate holes in the shape of numerals, also cardsWithout an printed numerals may be used.

According to whether the cards are to be worked in machines having apin-box or in an electrically driven machine having a brush to wipe overthe card or any other appropriate feeling member, in the use of some ofthe above described cards controlling arrangements are necessary forensuring that, as desired, only the perforations of the one or those ofthe other system actuate the controlling members of the machine.Arrangements or devices for the purpose are described in Letters Patentof the United States No. 1,769,022, dated July 1, 1930, in connectionwith a mechanical machine and with an electrically op- 'I'he manner inwhich punching or perforating machines are constructed and applicablefor perforations of the one or the other' numeral system is alsodescribed in said patent.

In the following description two further solutions ofthe problem ofutilizing one and the same card several times are given. To this endpunches and pins of different shape are employed for the first use andfor a second or third use of the card.

Figure 6 shows a card with circular, concentric perforations or holes ofdifferent diameter. For the first use perforations or holes of a smallerdiameter are punched or stamped out, for a subsequent use of the cardlarger punches are inserted into the perforating machine and for workingon the cards corresponding largerl pins or stamps are to be insertedinto the pin-boxes of the sorting and summing machines.

Figure 7 illustrates a card having elongated the vertical outer `or l instatistic Vof cards are consumed.

printed except in single' perforations or holes of oblong shape which,for the one use, are located horizontally and, for a second use, arelocated vertically. In connection with these crossedl perforationsdifferently shaped pins for the -pin-box are to be employedto'successively work on the two systems.

It is further obvious that in any of the systems above described, theholes or perforations will be so restricted in size that theperforations in one horizontal row will not overlap or extend into lthe-digit spaces of adjacent rows. l

As regards the economical advantages the invention affords a saving ofpaper amounting to about 50% which is of importance particularlyv orsimilar cases where large masses 1 The above percentage still furtherincreases considerably in case that cards having three systems ofperforations or holes, as indicated in Figure 5?,v are employed.

A perforated card in which the invention is 2* embodied has a.mechanical function. It is essentially a component of a machine. It,comprises appropriately arranged digit-spaces forming digit-columns.There aretwo (or, in Fig. 5. three) separate sets or aggroupments ofdigit- 25 columns on the card, viz., one set or aggroupment for thefirst use of the card and another set or aggroupment for the second useof the card; and in each aggroupment of columns the perforations denotedigits of said columns. In Figs. 1, 2, 5, 5a, 6 and 7, a column of oneaggroupment co'vers the same area on the card as the correspondingcolumn of another aggroupment, and these columns may, therefore, becalled composite columns, as distinguished from the columns of Figs. 3and 4, which may be traced by sinuous vertical lines as coveringseparate areas of the card.

The perforations of each of these aggroupments are spaced as are likeperforations of each 40 other aggroupment and as they would be in anordinary Powers control card, i. e., their spacing in each digit-columnof the aggroupment and the spacing in the aggroupment of theDigit-columns thereof (the first an'd succeedingfseries of 45 digitsseverally indicated by the numerals 0 etc., to 9 inclusive) are the samerespectively as the spacings (between digits of a column and betweendigit-columns) that characterize the control cards commonly used inPowers tabulating machines. An ordinary control card comprises columnarfields each composed of a digit-column, or a plurality of digit-columns,whichvcolumnar fields are commonly indicated by lines extending nearlyacross the card between digit-columns of different columnar fields, ndrah of the cards shown herein also comprises such columnar fields. Thelines are, of course, merely for convenience; the fields would existwithout them.

The perforations of each of the aforesaid aggroupments are made withpunching machines/ such as are commonly used and the punches of whichare spaced as they have been for many years, and the perforations ofeach aggroupment are utilized in tabulating as are those o1 a com- 65mon control card, which when a card is fed into a common tabulatingmachine, register with correspondingly spaced devices that are comprisedin the machine and are movable when it is oper ated to and through theperforations of the card.

Hence, each aggroupment f perforations is so located with respect to theleading edge or edges of the card that when the card is fed into thetabulating machine until the leading edge of the tard is brought to thestop that arrests the card `the perforations of the record to betabulated, whichever of the two or three records that may be, shallregister with the devices of the machine which mustpass through theperforations of that record.

I claim as my invention:

l. A perforated card which controls the action of tabulating machinesand which comprises columnar elds and appropriately arrangeddigit-spaces forming digit-columns and the perforations of which denotedigitsof said columns, there being separate aggroupments ofdigit-columns, and a digit-column of each of said aggroupments beingcomprised in a single columnar eld, and the perforations of eachaggroupment being .relatively spaced as are like perforations of eachother aggroupment, each perforation of any of which aggroupments denotesthe numerical value that is denoted by anotherperforation when thelatter is punched in the same columnar ileld and in the equivalent digitspace contained in a digit-column of another aggrouprnent', y

2. A perforated card which controls the action of 4tabulating machines.and which comprises columnar fields and appropriately arrangeddigitspaces forming digit-columns and the perforations of which denotedigits of said columns, there being separate aggroupments ofdigit-columns, and a digit-column of each of said aggroupments beingcomprised in a single columnar eld of the card, and the-'perforations ofeach aggroupment being relatively spaced as are like perforations ofeach other aggroupment, and the digit-spaces of any column of` each ofwhich aggroupments form with the digit-spaces of a column of each otheraggroupment a composite digit-column, each perforation of any of whichaggroupments denotes the numerical value that is denoted by anotherperforation when the latter is punched perforation of either of whichaggroupments denotes the numerical value that is denoted by anotherperforation when the latter is punched in the same columnar field and inthe equivalent digit-space contained in a"digitcolumn of the plus asmall fraction thereof and the length of which is the same as that ofthe card.

4. A perforated card which controls the action of tabulating machinesand which comprises columnar elds and appropriately arrangeddigit-spaces forming digitcolumns, and the perforations of which denotedigits of said co1'- umn's, there being two separate aggroupments ofdigit-columns, and a digit-column of each of said aggroupments beingcomprised in a single columnar field of the card, and the perforationsof each aggroupment being relatively spaced as are like perforations ofthe otherv aggroupment, l

each perforation of either of which aggroupments denotes the numericalvalue that is denoted by another perforation when the latter is punchedin the same columnar field and in the equivalent digit-space containedin a digit-column of the other aggroupment, and the distances ofequivalent perforations from the edges of the .cardf adaptingperforations of either aggroupmentl and equivalent perforations of theother aggroupment alternately to be located at the same spots re-vspectively when the card lies on a bed and within a space the width ofwhich is the same as that of the card. l

5. A perforated card which controls the action of tabulating machinesand which comprises columnar fields and appropriately arrangeddigitspaces forming digit-columns and the perforations ofwhich denotedigits of said columns, there being two separate aggroupments ofdigit-columns, and a digit-column of each of said aggroupments beingcomprised in a single columnar field of the card, and each of thesedigit-columns being adjacent to the other, and the perforations of eachaggroupment being relatively spaced as are like perforations of theother aggroupment, each perforation of either of which aggroupments,denotes the numerical value that is denoted by another perforation whenthe latter is punched in the equivalentv digit-space in an adjacentdigit-column of the other aggroupment.

6. A tabulating card having control apertures arranged in verticalcolumns and horizontal lines and representing data, one set of databeing represented by obiong holes, each having its greater dimensionvertical, and another set of data being represented by oblong holes,each having its greater dimension horizontal. i

HANS 'GOERIIIZ

